chore: use index2pubkey of BeaconChain

Open twoeths opened this issue 1 month ago • 2 comments

Motivation

once we have state-transition-z, we're not able to get index2pubkey from a light view of BeaconState in beacon-node

Description

in beacon-node, use index2pubkey of BeaconChain instead as a preparation for working with state-transition-z
it's ok to use state.epochCtx.index2pubkey in state-transition since it can access the full state there

part of #8652

Dec 09 '25 08:12 twoeths

Summary of Changes

Hello @twoeths, I'm Gemini Code Assist[^1]! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request introduces a significant refactoring in how validator public keys (index2pubkey) are accessed throughout the beacon node. The change moves away from retrieving these keys from BeaconStateView instances, which will become incompatible with future native state-transition implementations. Instead, the index2pubkey cache is now passed explicitly as a parameter to many functions responsible for signature verification and other validator-related computations, ensuring forward compatibility and a more robust architecture.

Highlights

Motivation for Change: The primary motivation for this change is to prepare for native state-transition, which will prevent direct access to index2pubkey from a BeaconStateView within the beacon node.
Refactored Public Key Access: The pull request refactors numerous functions to now directly utilize the index2pubkey property of the BeaconChain instance, ensuring consistent access to validator public keys.
Impact on Signature Verification: This change affects various signature verification processes, including those for blocks, attestations, slashings, and sync committee messages, by passing the Index2PubkeyCache explicitly.

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Dec 09 '25 08:12 gemini-code-assist[bot]

Performance Report

✔️ no performance regression detected

Full benchmark results

Benchmark suite	Current: f51e1c5ddb2e79859b5ff1f6f00e206967571632	Previous: 868300d7ae9254ba38324ceab82c7e4ef473185b	Ratio
getPubkeys - index2pubkey - req 1000 vs - 250000 vc	868.61 us/op	974.07 us/op	0.89
getPubkeys - validatorsArr - req 1000 vs - 250000 vc	34.695 us/op	40.804 us/op	0.85
BLS verify - blst	879.32 us/op	896.79 us/op	0.98
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 3 - blst	1.2911 ms/op	1.2306 ms/op	1.05
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 8 - blst	2.2088 ms/op	2.0514 ms/op	1.08
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 32 - blst	4.4743 ms/op	4.9825 ms/op	0.90
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 64 - blst	8.3167 ms/op	10.410 ms/op	0.80
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 128 - blst	15.792 ms/op	18.627 ms/op	0.85
BLS deserializing 10000 signatures	589.88 ms/op	719.78 ms/op	0.82
BLS deserializing 100000 signatures	6.1295 s/op	7.5437 s/op	0.81
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 3 - blst	895.36 us/op	990.26 us/op	0.90
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 8 - blst	991.19 us/op	1.1810 ms/op	0.84
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 32 - blst	1.6735 ms/op	1.9749 ms/op	0.85
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 64 - blst	2.5673 ms/op	3.1756 ms/op	0.81
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 128 - blst	4.2038 ms/op	4.8839 ms/op	0.86
BLS aggregatePubkeys 32 - blst	17.812 us/op	20.832 us/op	0.86
BLS aggregatePubkeys 128 - blst	63.170 us/op	75.934 us/op	0.83
notSeenSlots=1 numMissedVotes=1 numBadVotes=10	38.371 ms/op	52.024 ms/op	0.74
notSeenSlots=1 numMissedVotes=0 numBadVotes=4	34.725 ms/op	41.879 ms/op	0.83
notSeenSlots=2 numMissedVotes=1 numBadVotes=10	30.216 ms/op	33.907 ms/op	0.89
getSlashingsAndExits - default max	47.847 us/op	73.744 us/op	0.65
getSlashingsAndExits - 2k	344.89 us/op	387.32 us/op	0.89
isKnown best case - 1 super set check	405.00 ns/op	208.00 ns/op	1.95
isKnown normal case - 2 super set checks	400.00 ns/op	199.00 ns/op	2.01
isKnown worse case - 16 super set checks	404.00 ns/op	205.00 ns/op	1.97
InMemoryCheckpointStateCache - add get delete	2.4730 us/op	2.5290 us/op	0.98
validate api signedAggregateAndProof - struct	1.4638 ms/op	1.8961 ms/op	0.77
validate gossip signedAggregateAndProof - struct	1.4517 ms/op	1.8538 ms/op	0.78
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 32	109.39 us/op	176.84 us/op	0.62
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 64	106.78 us/op	141.96 us/op	0.75
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 128	83.503 us/op	114.10 us/op	0.73
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 256	78.492 us/op	112.19 us/op	0.70
pickEth1Vote - no votes	735.51 us/op	1.0903 ms/op	0.67
pickEth1Vote - max votes	5.3243 ms/op	7.5165 ms/op	0.71
pickEth1Vote - Eth1Data hashTreeRoot value x2048	7.8030 ms/op	14.901 ms/op	0.52
pickEth1Vote - Eth1Data hashTreeRoot tree x2048	10.652 ms/op	20.856 ms/op	0.51
pickEth1Vote - Eth1Data fastSerialize value x2048	326.17 us/op	443.40 us/op	0.74
pickEth1Vote - Eth1Data fastSerialize tree x2048	2.6514 ms/op	4.1569 ms/op	0.64
bytes32 toHexString	557.00 ns/op	392.00 ns/op	1.42
bytes32 Buffer.toString(hex)	390.00 ns/op	301.00 ns/op	1.30
bytes32 Buffer.toString(hex) from Uint8Array	476.00 ns/op	423.00 ns/op	1.13
bytes32 Buffer.toString(hex) + 0x	400.00 ns/op	245.00 ns/op	1.63
Object access 1 prop	0.29200 ns/op	0.12400 ns/op	2.35
Map access 1 prop	0.30000 ns/op	0.12600 ns/op	2.38
Object get x1000	4.8660 ns/op	5.7450 ns/op	0.85
Map get x1000	0.51900 ns/op	0.38200 ns/op	1.36
Object set x1000	19.639 ns/op	31.164 ns/op	0.63
Map set x1000	16.300 ns/op	23.029 ns/op	0.71
Return object 10000 times	0.22270 ns/op	0.30380 ns/op	0.73
Throw Error 10000 times	3.0858 us/op	4.3522 us/op	0.71
toHex	90.350 ns/op	151.54 ns/op	0.60
Buffer.from	94.983 ns/op	134.67 ns/op	0.71
shared Buffer	66.685 ns/op	83.862 ns/op	0.80
fastMsgIdFn sha256 / 200 bytes	1.7390 us/op	2.0230 us/op	0.86
fastMsgIdFn h32 xxhash / 200 bytes	359.00 ns/op	199.00 ns/op	1.80
fastMsgIdFn h64 xxhash / 200 bytes	419.00 ns/op	268.00 ns/op	1.56
fastMsgIdFn sha256 / 1000 bytes	5.0180 us/op	6.4370 us/op	0.78
fastMsgIdFn h32 xxhash / 1000 bytes	451.00 ns/op	302.00 ns/op	1.49
fastMsgIdFn h64 xxhash / 1000 bytes	467.00 ns/op	328.00 ns/op	1.42
fastMsgIdFn sha256 / 10000 bytes	39.693 us/op	59.614 us/op	0.67
fastMsgIdFn h32 xxhash / 10000 bytes	1.4260 us/op	1.5070 us/op	0.95
fastMsgIdFn h64 xxhash / 10000 bytes	1.0160 us/op	982.00 ns/op	1.03
100 bytes - compress - snappyjs	1.6399 us/op	1.5222 us/op	1.08
100 bytes - compress - snappy	952.05 ns/op	1.3071 us/op	0.73
100 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	547.33 ns/op
100 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.3378 us/op
200 bytes - compress - snappyjs	1.9181 us/op	1.6695 us/op	1.15
200 bytes - compress - snappy	1.5529 us/op	1.6909 us/op	0.92
200 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	749.76 ns/op
200 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.8044 us/op
300 bytes - compress - snappyjs	1.9872 us/op	2.9379 us/op	0.68
300 bytes - compress - snappy	2.1617 us/op	1.9799 us/op	1.09
300 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	766.40 ns/op
300 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.8652 us/op
400 bytes - compress - snappyjs	2.6249 us/op	2.3396 us/op	1.12
400 bytes - compress - snappy	1.1256 us/op	2.1813 us/op	0.52
400 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	706.09 ns/op
400 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.8392 us/op
500 bytes - compress - snappyjs	2.1660 us/op	3.0889 us/op	0.70
500 bytes - compress - snappy	1.1643 us/op	2.3588 us/op	0.49
500 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	728.60 ns/op
500 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.1830 us/op
1000 bytes - compress - snappyjs	4.3454 us/op	4.5526 us/op	0.95
1000 bytes - compress - snappy	1.4767 us/op	3.0277 us/op	0.49
1000 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	1.5773 us/op
1000 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.8880 us/op
10000 bytes - compress - snappyjs	24.291 us/op	29.231 us/op	0.83
10000 bytes - compress - snappy	27.887 us/op	16.910 us/op	1.65
10000 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm	16.573 us/op
10000 bytes - compress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	23.833 us/op
100 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	593.54 ns/op	801.89 ns/op	0.74
100 bytes - uncompress - snappy	888.57 ns/op	1.5166 us/op	0.59
100 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	579.68 ns/op
100 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	713.00 ns/op
200 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	750.91 ns/op	1.3935 us/op	0.54
200 bytes - uncompress - snappy	989.47 ns/op	1.8058 us/op	0.55
200 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	1.1291 us/op
200 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.5648 us/op
300 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	825.02 ns/op	1.2181 us/op	0.68
300 bytes - uncompress - snappy	1.1875 us/op	1.5073 us/op	0.79
300 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	926.10 ns/op
300 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.1978 us/op
400 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	1.0190 us/op	1.6135 us/op	0.63
400 bytes - uncompress - snappy	2.7887 us/op	1.5895 us/op	1.75
400 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	1.0278 us/op
400 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.3008 us/op
500 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	2.3842 us/op	1.8898 us/op	1.26
500 bytes - uncompress - snappy	1.0656 us/op	2.1996 us/op	0.48
500 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	720.63 ns/op
500 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.5244 us/op
1000 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	2.3578 us/op	2.4049 us/op	0.98
1000 bytes - uncompress - snappy	1.4289 us/op	1.8319 us/op	0.78
1000 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	874.35 ns/op
1000 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	1.3981 us/op
10000 bytes - uncompress - snappyjs	24.983 us/op	24.660 us/op	1.01
10000 bytes - uncompress - snappy	30.598 us/op	24.359 us/op	1.26
10000 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm	27.489 us/op
10000 bytes - uncompress - snappy-wasm - prealloc	26.785 us/op
send data - 1000 256B messages	11.088 ms/op	23.406 ms/op	0.47
send data - 1000 512B messages	13.636 ms/op	24.129 ms/op	0.57
send data - 1000 1024B messages	19.196 ms/op	29.586 ms/op	0.65
send data - 1000 1200B messages	18.838 ms/op	36.139 ms/op	0.52
send data - 1000 2048B messages	20.085 ms/op	33.882 ms/op	0.59
send data - 1000 4096B messages	22.528 ms/op	41.431 ms/op	0.54
send data - 1000 16384B messages	125.91 ms/op	161.10 ms/op	0.78
send data - 1000 65536B messages	243.95 ms/op	663.87 ms/op	0.37
enrSubnets - fastDeserialize 64 bits	961.00 ns/op	960.00 ns/op	1.00
enrSubnets - ssz BitVector 64 bits	504.00 ns/op	364.00 ns/op	1.38
enrSubnets - fastDeserialize 4 bits	316.00 ns/op	142.00 ns/op	2.23
enrSubnets - ssz BitVector 4 bits	697.00 ns/op	367.00 ns/op	1.90
prioritizePeers score -10:0 att 32-0.1 sync 2-0	215.72 us/op	262.09 us/op	0.82
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 32-0.25 sync 2-0.25	244.99 us/op	303.57 us/op	0.81
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 32-0.5 sync 2-0.5	342.24 us/op	420.48 us/op	0.81
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 64-0.75 sync 4-0.75	663.03 us/op	900.93 us/op	0.74
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 64-1 sync 4-1	749.56 us/op	894.17 us/op	0.84
array of 16000 items push then shift	1.2799 us/op	1.7795 us/op	0.72
LinkedList of 16000 items push then shift	7.2430 ns/op	8.1070 ns/op	0.89
array of 16000 items push then pop	64.773 ns/op	84.752 ns/op	0.76
LinkedList of 16000 items push then pop	6.2510 ns/op	7.8070 ns/op	0.80
array of 24000 items push then shift	1.8919 us/op	2.5672 us/op	0.74
LinkedList of 24000 items push then shift	6.9980 ns/op	8.6200 ns/op	0.81
array of 24000 items push then pop	90.228 ns/op	115.58 ns/op	0.78
LinkedList of 24000 items push then pop	6.2950 ns/op	7.8020 ns/op	0.81
intersect bitArray bitLen 8	4.8720 ns/op	6.1720 ns/op	0.79
intersect array and set length 8	29.671 ns/op	38.820 ns/op	0.76
intersect bitArray bitLen 128	26.072 ns/op	30.329 ns/op	0.86
intersect array and set length 128	492.71 ns/op	618.77 ns/op	0.80
bitArray.getTrueBitIndexes() bitLen 128	1.1930 us/op	1.2580 us/op	0.95
bitArray.getTrueBitIndexes() bitLen 248	1.9460 us/op	2.0640 us/op	0.94
bitArray.getTrueBitIndexes() bitLen 512	3.6460 us/op	4.1470 us/op	0.88
Full columns - reconstruct all 6 blobs	307.10 us/op	392.04 us/op	0.78
Full columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 6	96.686 us/op	158.43 us/op	0.61
Full columns - reconstruct single blob out of 6	37.319 us/op	50.643 us/op	0.74
Half columns - reconstruct all 6 blobs	234.11 ms/op	300.98 ms/op	0.78
Half columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 6	118.15 ms/op	167.97 ms/op	0.70
Half columns - reconstruct single blob out of 6	44.814 ms/op	55.349 ms/op	0.81
Full columns - reconstruct all 10 blobs	246.33 us/op	419.81 us/op	0.59
Full columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 10	145.12 us/op	194.04 us/op	0.75
Full columns - reconstruct single blob out of 10	28.728 us/op	53.704 us/op	0.53
Half columns - reconstruct all 10 blobs	388.64 ms/op	506.52 ms/op	0.77
Half columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 10	198.99 ms/op	274.00 ms/op	0.73
Half columns - reconstruct single blob out of 10	44.852 ms/op	54.769 ms/op	0.82
Full columns - reconstruct all 20 blobs	774.99 us/op	1.4152 ms/op	0.55
Full columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 20	290.41 us/op	527.24 us/op	0.55
Full columns - reconstruct single blob out of 20	28.655 us/op	33.405 us/op	0.86
Half columns - reconstruct all 20 blobs	780.32 ms/op	971.51 ms/op	0.80
Half columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 20	389.24 ms/op	512.16 ms/op	0.76
Half columns - reconstruct single blob out of 20	43.958 ms/op	61.888 ms/op	0.71
Set add up to 64 items then delete first	1.5108 us/op	3.2494 us/op	0.46
OrderedSet add up to 64 items then delete first	2.5062 us/op	4.2914 us/op	0.58
Set add up to 64 items then delete last	1.8980 us/op	3.0497 us/op	0.62
OrderedSet add up to 64 items then delete last	2.8311 us/op	4.3118 us/op	0.66
Set add up to 64 items then delete middle	1.8087 us/op	3.0645 us/op	0.59
OrderedSet add up to 64 items then delete middle	4.3302 us/op	6.1575 us/op	0.70
Set add up to 128 items then delete first	3.7123 us/op	6.1276 us/op	0.61
OrderedSet add up to 128 items then delete first	5.6118 us/op	8.0762 us/op	0.69
Set add up to 128 items then delete last	4.0114 us/op	5.3681 us/op	0.75
OrderedSet add up to 128 items then delete last	5.6958 us/op	8.5711 us/op	0.66
Set add up to 128 items then delete middle	3.6643 us/op	6.4321 us/op	0.57
OrderedSet add up to 128 items then delete middle	12.088 us/op	16.912 us/op	0.71
Set add up to 256 items then delete first	7.0135 us/op	12.634 us/op	0.56
OrderedSet add up to 256 items then delete first	11.256 us/op	16.798 us/op	0.67
Set add up to 256 items then delete last	6.9369 us/op	13.512 us/op	0.51
OrderedSet add up to 256 items then delete last	11.528 us/op	19.982 us/op	0.58
Set add up to 256 items then delete middle	7.4317 us/op	12.480 us/op	0.60
OrderedSet add up to 256 items then delete middle	35.099 us/op	50.877 us/op	0.69
pass gossip attestations to forkchoice per slot	2.0911 ms/op	3.0687 ms/op	0.68
forkChoice updateHead vc 100000 bc 64 eq 0	368.89 us/op	565.46 us/op	0.65
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 0	2.5880 ms/op	2.9686 ms/op	0.87
forkChoice updateHead vc 1000000 bc 64 eq 0	3.7175 ms/op	5.2358 ms/op	0.71
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 320 eq 0	2.2439 ms/op	3.2169 ms/op	0.70
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 1200 eq 0	2.2240 ms/op	3.3019 ms/op	0.67
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 7200 eq 0	2.4537 ms/op	4.4906 ms/op	0.55
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 1000	2.6871 ms/op	3.7414 ms/op	0.72
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 10000	2.8167 ms/op	3.8391 ms/op	0.73
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 300000	7.3448 ms/op	10.375 ms/op	0.71
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 0% inactive	11.868 ms/op	15.644 ms/op	0.76
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 10% inactive	11.028 ms/op	15.077 ms/op	0.73
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 20% inactive	10.246 ms/op	13.367 ms/op	0.77
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 50% inactive	7.6513 ms/op	10.514 ms/op	0.73
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 0% inactive	18.356 ms/op	23.128 ms/op	0.79
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 10% inactive	17.051 ms/op	22.432 ms/op	0.76
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 20% inactive	15.420 ms/op	19.812 ms/op	0.78
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 50% inactive	11.778 ms/op	15.963 ms/op	0.74
altair processAttestation - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	1.7215 ms/op	2.7661 ms/op	0.62
altair processAttestation - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase	2.5113 ms/op	3.7183 ms/op	0.68
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 1/6 committees join	100.69 us/op	128.56 us/op	0.78
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 1/3 committees join	174.50 us/op	251.30 us/op	0.69
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 1/2 committees join	250.97 us/op	349.64 us/op	0.72
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 2/3 committees join	341.70 us/op	449.57 us/op	0.76
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 4/5 committees join	482.37 us/op	619.46 us/op	0.78
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 100% committees join	550.62 us/op	736.90 us/op	0.75
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	7.2276 ms/op	5.1418 ms/op	1.41
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase hashState	39.179 ms/op	28.248 ms/op	1.39
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase	32.605 ms/op	28.960 ms/op	1.13
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase hashState	68.239 ms/op	66.063 ms/op	1.03
phase0 processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	1.7077 ms/op	1.7601 ms/op	0.97
phase0 processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase	23.232 ms/op	25.750 ms/op	0.90
altair processEth1Data - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	284.75 us/op	414.07 us/op	0.69
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:1,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:15	9.7400 us/op	12.284 us/op	0.79
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.95,eth1:0.1,we:0.05,wn:0,smpl:219	39.953 us/op	62.391 us/op	0.64
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.95,eth1:0.3,we:0.05,wn:0,smpl:42	9.9580 us/op	20.392 us/op	0.49
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.95,eth1:0.7,we:0.05,wn:0,smpl:18	9.4200 us/op	11.833 us/op	0.80
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.1,eth1:0.1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:1020	164.68 us/op	245.13 us/op	0.67
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.03,eth1:0.03,we:0,wn:0,smpl:11777	1.4771 ms/op	2.1417 ms/op	0.69
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.01,eth1:0.01,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16384	1.9251 ms/op	3.2349 ms/op	0.60
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:0,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16384	1.8942 ms/op	2.7196 ms/op	0.70
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:0,we:0,wn:0,nocache,smpl:16384	4.0514 ms/op	6.1572 ms/op	0.66
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16384	1.9925 ms/op	2.8645 ms/op	0.70
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,nocache,smpl:16384	3.9265 ms/op	6.2035 ms/op	0.63
Tree 40 250000 create	313.12 ms/op	407.60 ms/op	0.77
Tree 40 250000 get(125000)	87.917 ns/op	131.18 ns/op	0.67
Tree 40 250000 set(125000)	979.24 ns/op	1.3287 us/op	0.74
Tree 40 250000 toArray()	15.826 ms/op	19.267 ms/op	0.82
Tree 40 250000 iterate all - toArray() + loop	13.031 ms/op	20.027 ms/op	0.65
Tree 40 250000 iterate all - get(i)	36.545 ms/op	49.797 ms/op	0.73
Array 250000 create	2.1851 ms/op	2.7338 ms/op	0.80
Array 250000 clone - spread	663.70 us/op	917.19 us/op	0.72
Array 250000 get(125000)	0.50100 ns/op	0.36500 ns/op	1.37
Array 250000 set(125000)	0.50500 ns/op	0.36800 ns/op	1.37
Array 250000 iterate all - loop	55.290 us/op	63.585 us/op	0.87
phase0 afterProcessEpoch - 250000 vs - 7PWei	37.085 ms/op	43.951 ms/op	0.84
Array.fill - length 1000000	2.0243 ms/op	3.3421 ms/op	0.61
Array push - length 1000000	8.4909 ms/op	13.843 ms/op	0.61
Array.get	0.20093 ns/op	0.23491 ns/op	0.86
Uint8Array.get	0.20003 ns/op	0.24768 ns/op	0.81
phase0 beforeProcessEpoch - 250000 vs - 7PWei	17.158 ms/op	21.080 ms/op	0.81
altair processEpoch - mainnet_e81889	203.36 ms/op	295.45 ms/op	0.69
mainnet_e81889 - altair beforeProcessEpoch	15.050 ms/op	24.144 ms/op	0.62
mainnet_e81889 - altair processJustificationAndFinalization	5.0900 us/op	5.9870 us/op	0.85
mainnet_e81889 - altair processInactivityUpdates	3.1418 ms/op	4.1913 ms/op	0.75
mainnet_e81889 - altair processRewardsAndPenalties	16.876 ms/op	20.894 ms/op	0.81
mainnet_e81889 - altair processRegistryUpdates	978.00 ns/op	703.00 ns/op	1.39
mainnet_e81889 - altair processSlashings	378.00 ns/op	188.00 ns/op	2.01
mainnet_e81889 - altair processEth1DataReset	376.00 ns/op	181.00 ns/op	2.08
mainnet_e81889 - altair processEffectiveBalanceUpdates	1.6934 ms/op	7.2064 ms/op	0.23
mainnet_e81889 - altair processSlashingsReset	938.00 ns/op	874.00 ns/op	1.07
mainnet_e81889 - altair processRandaoMixesReset	1.3790 us/op	1.1440 us/op	1.21
mainnet_e81889 - altair processHistoricalRootsUpdate	369.00 ns/op	189.00 ns/op	1.95
mainnet_e81889 - altair processParticipationFlagUpdates	667.00 ns/op	641.00 ns/op	1.04
mainnet_e81889 - altair processSyncCommitteeUpdates	338.00 ns/op	153.00 ns/op	2.21
mainnet_e81889 - altair afterProcessEpoch	40.233 ms/op	47.667 ms/op	0.84
capella processEpoch - mainnet_e217614	810.72 ms/op	850.21 ms/op	0.95
mainnet_e217614 - capella beforeProcessEpoch	54.366 ms/op	95.289 ms/op	0.57
mainnet_e217614 - capella processJustificationAndFinalization	5.3900 us/op	5.8580 us/op	0.92
mainnet_e217614 - capella processInactivityUpdates	11.107 ms/op	22.729 ms/op	0.49
mainnet_e217614 - capella processRewardsAndPenalties	105.38 ms/op	118.55 ms/op	0.89
mainnet_e217614 - capella processRegistryUpdates	5.0070 us/op	8.2340 us/op	0.61
mainnet_e217614 - capella processSlashings	379.00 ns/op	171.00 ns/op	2.22
mainnet_e217614 - capella processEth1DataReset	359.00 ns/op	174.00 ns/op	2.06
mainnet_e217614 - capella processEffectiveBalanceUpdates	25.947 ms/op	16.721 ms/op	1.55
mainnet_e217614 - capella processSlashingsReset	1.0370 us/op	843.00 ns/op	1.23
mainnet_e217614 - capella processRandaoMixesReset	1.5020 us/op	1.1950 us/op	1.26
mainnet_e217614 - capella processHistoricalRootsUpdate	375.00 ns/op	176.00 ns/op	2.13
mainnet_e217614 - capella processParticipationFlagUpdates	807.00 ns/op	536.00 ns/op	1.51
mainnet_e217614 - capella afterProcessEpoch	105.35 ms/op	119.99 ms/op	0.88
phase0 processEpoch - mainnet_e58758	241.91 ms/op	254.53 ms/op	0.95
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 beforeProcessEpoch	67.168 ms/op	59.868 ms/op	1.12
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processJustificationAndFinalization	6.3860 us/op	5.7140 us/op	1.12
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processRewardsAndPenalties	19.119 ms/op	19.684 ms/op	0.97
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processRegistryUpdates	2.7580 us/op	3.1610 us/op	0.87
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processSlashings	395.00 ns/op	212.00 ns/op	1.86
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processEth1DataReset	384.00 ns/op	167.00 ns/op	2.30
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processEffectiveBalanceUpdates	5.7413 ms/op	1.0085 ms/op	5.69
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processSlashingsReset	1.2380 us/op	935.00 ns/op	1.32
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processRandaoMixesReset	1.2810 us/op	1.0940 us/op	1.17
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processHistoricalRootsUpdate	378.00 ns/op	185.00 ns/op	2.04
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processParticipationRecordUpdates	1.4930 us/op	850.00 ns/op	1.76
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 afterProcessEpoch	33.563 ms/op	37.110 ms/op	0.90
phase0 processEffectiveBalanceUpdates - 250000 normalcase	1.3850 ms/op	1.7434 ms/op	0.79
phase0 processEffectiveBalanceUpdates - 250000 worstcase 0.5	5.7690 ms/op	2.1424 ms/op	2.69
altair processInactivityUpdates - 250000 normalcase	15.716 ms/op	15.723 ms/op	1.00
altair processInactivityUpdates - 250000 worstcase	15.453 ms/op	16.077 ms/op	0.96
phase0 processRegistryUpdates - 250000 normalcase	15.890 us/op	7.3490 us/op	2.16
phase0 processRegistryUpdates - 250000 badcase_full_deposits	333.35 us/op	323.01 us/op	1.03
phase0 processRegistryUpdates - 250000 worstcase 0.5	71.472 ms/op	93.059 ms/op	0.77
altair processRewardsAndPenalties - 250000 normalcase	16.131 ms/op	17.419 ms/op	0.93
altair processRewardsAndPenalties - 250000 worstcase	20.538 ms/op	17.195 ms/op	1.19
phase0 getAttestationDeltas - 250000 normalcase	5.7503 ms/op	7.2499 ms/op	0.79
phase0 getAttestationDeltas - 250000 worstcase	5.7585 ms/op	7.2913 ms/op	0.79
phase0 processSlashings - 250000 worstcase	66.381 us/op	111.78 us/op	0.59
altair processSyncCommitteeUpdates - 250000	10.927 ms/op	12.567 ms/op	0.87
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - No change	423.00 ns/op	248.00 ns/op	1.71
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 1 full validator	112.61 us/op	95.719 us/op	1.18
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 32 full validator	810.23 us/op	1.1086 ms/op	0.73
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 512 full validator	11.681 ms/op	9.5847 ms/op	1.22
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 1 validator.effectiveBalance	106.28 us/op	128.42 us/op	0.83
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 32 validator.effectiveBalance	2.2806 ms/op	1.8834 ms/op	1.21
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 512 validator.effectiveBalance	20.729 ms/op	22.232 ms/op	0.93
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 1 balances	127.40 us/op	98.458 us/op	1.29
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 32 balances	1.0537 ms/op	947.46 us/op	1.11
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 512 balances	6.1693 ms/op	7.2094 ms/op	0.86
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 250000 balances	137.16 ms/op	154.81 ms/op	0.89
aggregationBits - 2048 els - zipIndexesInBitList	31.242 us/op	25.218 us/op	1.24
regular array get 100000 times	24.333 us/op	27.868 us/op	0.87
wrappedArray get 100000 times	23.131 us/op	27.895 us/op	0.83
arrayWithProxy get 100000 times	9.8113 ms/op	16.648 ms/op	0.59
ssz.Root.equals	21.743 ns/op	27.734 ns/op	0.78
byteArrayEquals	23.322 ns/op	26.712 ns/op	0.87
Buffer.compare	9.0600 ns/op	11.322 ns/op	0.80
processSlot - 1 slots	11.253 us/op	13.215 us/op	0.85
processSlot - 32 slots	2.2193 ms/op	2.8100 ms/op	0.79
getEffectiveBalanceIncrementsZeroInactive - 250000 vs - 7PWei	7.9934 ms/op	4.3326 ms/op	1.84
getCommitteeAssignments - req 1 vs - 250000 vc	1.7973 ms/op	1.9251 ms/op	0.93
getCommitteeAssignments - req 100 vs - 250000 vc	3.4342 ms/op	3.7767 ms/op	0.91
getCommitteeAssignments - req 1000 vs - 250000 vc	3.9634 ms/op	4.0307 ms/op	0.98
findModifiedValidators - 10000 modified validators	639.24 ms/op	633.30 ms/op	1.01
findModifiedValidators - 1000 modified validators	444.21 ms/op	465.17 ms/op	0.95
findModifiedValidators - 100 modified validators	357.47 ms/op	282.04 ms/op	1.27
findModifiedValidators - 10 modified validators	246.42 ms/op	256.62 ms/op	0.96
findModifiedValidators - 1 modified validators	205.00 ms/op	231.94 ms/op	0.88
findModifiedValidators - no difference	185.57 ms/op	207.87 ms/op	0.89
migrate state 1500000 validators, 3400 modified, 2000 new	1.2211 s/op	1.1532 s/op	1.06
RootCache.getBlockRootAtSlot - 250000 vs - 7PWei	6.0500 ns/op	4.2600 ns/op	1.42
state getBlockRootAtSlot - 250000 vs - 7PWei	553.63 ns/op	535.65 ns/op	1.03
computeProposerIndex 100000 validators	1.4808 ms/op	1.5973 ms/op	0.93
getNextSyncCommitteeIndices 1000 validators	147.39 ms/op	121.64 ms/op	1.21
getNextSyncCommitteeIndices 10000 validators	134.27 ms/op	121.65 ms/op	1.10
getNextSyncCommitteeIndices 100000 validators	139.32 ms/op	124.47 ms/op	1.12
computeProposers - vc 250000	620.98 us/op	657.39 us/op	0.94
computeEpochShuffling - vc 250000	63.833 ms/op	46.962 ms/op	1.36
getNextSyncCommittee - vc 250000	10.295 ms/op	10.896 ms/op	0.94
nodejs block root to RootHex using toHex	113.09 ns/op	158.21 ns/op	0.71
nodejs block root to RootHex using toRootHex	73.609 ns/op	98.660 ns/op	0.75
nodejs fromHex(blob)	450.58 us/op	226.43 us/op	1.99
nodejs fromHexInto(blob)	622.49 us/op	769.54 us/op	0.81
nodejs block root to RootHex using the deprecated toHexString	388.77 ns/op	598.23 ns/op	0.65
browser block root to RootHex using toHex	256.28 ns/op	404.88 ns/op	0.63
browser block root to RootHex using toRootHex	134.24 ns/op	162.71 ns/op	0.83
browser fromHex(blob)	1.0112 ms/op	1.5696 ms/op	0.64
browser fromHexInto(blob)	676.04 us/op	731.74 us/op	0.92
browser block root to RootHex using the deprecated toHexString	363.58 ns/op	601.83 ns/op	0.60

by benchmarkbot/action

Dec 09 '25 09:12 github-actions[bot]

Codecov Report

:white_check_mark: All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests. :white_check_mark: Project coverage is 52.05%. Comparing base (688d558) to head (b077f26). :warning: Report is 6 commits behind head on unstable.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           unstable    #8674   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     52.04%   52.05%           
=========================================
  Files           848      848           
  Lines         65734    65669   -65     
  Branches       4807     4805    -2     
=========================================
- Hits          34214    34184   -30     
+ Misses        31451    31416   -35     
  Partials         69       69

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:snowflake: Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
:package: JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

Dec 11 '25 19:12 codecov[bot]