fix: delayed broadcasting of Voluntary exits

[pheobeayo]

Motivation

Delayed broadcasting of voluntary exits

Description

This PR handles

Better UX - accepts early submissions More forgiving for DVT/multi-node setups post-Electra pending withdrawal checks gracefully

Closes #7431

Steps to test or reproduce

I used Claude to understand some of the concepts needed to fix the issue

[gemini-code-assist[bot]]

Summary of Changes

Hello @pheobeayo, I'm Gemini Code Assist[^1]! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request introduces a significant improvement to how voluntary exits are handled by implementing delayed broadcasting. By deferring the network publication of voluntary exits to an operation pool and refining the validation process to separate permanent and transient checks, the system offers a more robust and user-friendly experience. This change specifically benefits DVT and multi-node setups by allowing for early submissions and more graceful handling of pending withdrawals, ultimately enhancing the overall resilience and flexibility of the beacon node.

Highlights

• Delayed Broadcasting: Voluntary exits submitted via the API are no longer immediately broadcast to the network. Instead, they are now inserted into the operation pool (opPool) which handles delayed broadcasting when conditions are met.
• Improved User Experience: The system now accepts early submissions of voluntary exits, providing a better user experience and increased flexibility.
• Enhanced Resilience: The changes make the system more forgiving for Distributed Validator Technology (DVT) and multi-node setups by allowing for delayed processing.
• Refined Validation Logic: The validation process for API-submitted voluntary exits has been split. validateApiVoluntaryExit now performs only 'permanent' checks (e.g., signature validation and checking if already seen), while 'transient' conditions are deferred to the opPool for later validation before broadcasting.
• New Validation Function: A new utility function, validateVoluntaryExitTransientConditions, has been introduced to specifically check the transient conditions of a voluntary exit.

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[nflaig]

converting to draft until implementation is more complete