Easily compare two word-aligned sentences with ASTrED

Example notebooks

A couple example notebooks exist, each with a different grade of automation for the initialisation of the aligned object. Once an aligned object has been created, the functionality is identical.

• High automation_: automate all the things. Tokenisation, parsing, and word alignment is done automatically [Try on Colab <https://colab.research.google.com/github/BramVanroy/astred/blob/master/examples/full-auto.ipynb>__]
• Normal automation_: the typical scenario where you have tokenised and aligned text that is not parsed yet [Try on Colab <https://colab.research.google.com/github/BramVanroy/astred/blob/master/examples/automatic-parsing.ipynb>__]
• No automation_: full-manual mode, where you provide all the required information, including dependency labels and heads [Try on Colab <https://colab.research.google.com/github/BramVanroy/astred/blob/master/examples/full-manual.ipynb>__]
• Monolingual_: in this example we rely on spaCy to compare two English sentences and calculate semantic similarity between aligned words [Try on Colab <https://colab.research.google.com/github/BramVanroy/astred/blob/master/examples/monolingual.ipynb>__]

.. _High automation: examples/full-auto.ipynb .. _Normal automation: examples/automatic-parsing.ipynb .. _No automation: examples/full-manual.ipynb .. _Monolingual: examples/monolingual.ipynb

Installation

Requires Python 3.7 or higher. To keep the overhead low, a default parser is NOT installed. Currently both spaCy_ and stanza_ are supported and you can choose which one to use. Stanza is recommended for bilingual research (because it is ensured that all of its models use Universal Dependencies), but spaCy can be used as well. The latter is especially used for monolingual comparisons, or if you are not interested in the linguistic comparisons and only require word reordering metrics.

A pre-release is available on PyPi. You can install it with pip as follows.

.. code-block:: bash

# Install with stanza (recommended)
pip install astred[stanza]
# ... or install with spacy
pip install astred[spacy]
# ... or install with both and decide later
pip install astred[parsers]

If you want to use spaCy, you have to make sure that you install_ the required models manually, which cannot be automated.

.. _spaCy: https://spacy.io/ .. _stanza: https://github.com/stanfordnlp/stanza .. _install: https://spacy.io/usage/models

Automatic Word Alignment

Automatic word alignment is supported by using a modified version of Awesome Align_ under the hood. This is a neural word aligner that uses transfer learning with multilingual models to do word alignment. It does require some manual installation work. Specifically, you need to install the :code:astred_compat branch from this fork_. If you are using pip, you can run the following command:

.. code-block:: bash

pip install git+https://github.com/BramVanroy/awesome-align.git@astred_compat

Awesome Align requires PyTorch, like :code:stanza above.

If it is installed, you can initialize :code:AlignedSentences without providing word alignments. Those will be added automatically behind the scenes. See this example notebook_ [Try on Colab <https://colab.research.google.com/github/BramVanroy/astred/blob/master/examples/full-auto.ipynb>__] for more.

.. code-block:: bash

sent_en = Sentence.from_text("I like eating cookies", "en")
sent_nl = Sentence.from_text("Ik eet graag koekjes", "nl")

# Word alignments do not need to be added on init:
aligned = AlignedSentences(sent_en, sent_nl)

Keep in mind however that automatic alignment will never have the same quality as manual alignments. Use with caution! I highly suggest reading the paper_ of Awesome Align to see whether it is a good pick for you.

.. _Awesome Align: https://github.com/neulab/awesome-align .. _this fork: https://github.com/BramVanroy/awesome-align/tree/astred_compat .. _this example notebook: examples/full-auto.ipynb .. _the paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08231

License

Licensed under Apache License Version 2.0. See the LICENSE file attached to this repository.

Citation

Please cite our papers_ if you use this library.

Vanroy, B., De Clercq, O., Tezcan, A., Daems, J., & Macken, L. (2021). Metrics of syntactic equivalence to assess translation difficulty. In M. Carl (Ed.), Explorations in empirical translation process research (Vol. 3, pp. 259–294). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69777-8_10

.. code-block::

@incollection{vanroy2021metrics,
    title = {Metrics of syntactic equivalence to assess translation difficulty},
    booktitle = {Explorations in empirical translation process research},
    author = {Vanroy, Bram and De Clercq, Orph{\'e}e and Tezcan, Arda and Daems, Joke and Macken, Lieve},
    editor = {Carl, Michael},
    year = {2021},
    series = {Machine {{Translation}}: {{Technologies}} and {{Applications}}},
    volume = {3},
    pages = {259--294},
    publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
    address = {{Cham, Switzerland}},
    isbn = {978-3-030-69776-1},
    url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-69777-8_10},
    doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-69777-8_10}
}

Vanroy, B., Schaeffer, M., & Macken, L. (2021). Comparing the Effect of Product-Based Metrics on the Translation Process. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681945

.. code-block::

@article{vanroy2021comparing,
    publisher = {Frontiers},
    author = {Vanroy, Bram and Schaeffer, Moritz and Macken, Lieve},
    title = {Comparing the effect of product-based metrics on the translation process},
    year = {2021},
    journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
    volume = {12}, 
    issn = {1664-1078}, 
    url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681945},
    doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681945}, 
}

.. _papers: CITATION