azure-powershell Introduce new Ubuntu 2404 image alias, and update some old no longer existing images

Migration of this PR: https://github.com/Azure/azure-powershell/pull/24857

This PR adds a new alias for the new Ubuntu 24.04 image alias that was published recently. It also fixes broken aliases that were deprecated in the past 6 months and updates them to the current Azure Portal defaults.

Description

Mandatory Checklist

Please choose the target release of Azure PowerShell. (⚠️Target release is a different concept from API readiness. Please click below links for details.)
- [ ] General release
- [ ] Public preview
- [ ] Private preview
- [ ] Engineering build
- [ ] No need for a release
[ ] Check this box to confirm: I have read the Submitting Changes section of CONTRIBUTING.md and reviewed the following information:

SHOULD update ChangeLog.md file(s) appropriately
- For SDK-based development mode, update src/{{SERVICE}}/{{SERVICE}}/ChangeLog.md.
  - A snippet outlining the change(s) made in the PR should be written under the ## Upcoming Release header in the past tense.
- For autorest-based development mode, include the changelog in the PR description.
- Should not change ChangeLog.md if no new release is required, such as fixing test case only.
SHOULD regenerate markdown help files if there is cmdlet API change. Instruction
SHOULD have proper test coverage for changes in pull request.
SHOULD NOT adjust version of module manually in pull request

Oct 17 '24 01:10 Sandido

️✔️Az.Accounts

⚠️Az.Compute

Type	Cmdlet	Description	Remediation
⚠️		It is required to update ChangeLog.md if you want to release a new version for Az.Compute.	Add a changelog record under Upcoming Release section with past tense.

Type	Cmdlet	Description	Remediation
⚠️		It is required to update ChangeLog.md if you want to release a new version for Az.Compute.	Add a changelog record under Upcoming Release section with past tense.

️✔️Az.KeyVault

️✔️Az.ManagedServiceIdentity

️✔️Az.Monitor

️✔️Az.Network

️✔️Az.OperationalInsights

️✔️Az.PrivateDns

️✔️Az.RecoveryServices

️✔️Az.Security

️✔️Az.Sql

️✔️Az.Ssh

️✔️Az.Storage

Oct 17 '24 01:10 azure-client-tools-bot-prd[bot]

@Sandido Hi, it seems that you got many cred in your files. Please kindly mask them. Here is the cred scan result: https://dev.azure.com/azclitools/internal/_build/results?buildId=197815&view=logs&j=275f1d19-1bd8-5591-b06b-07d489ea915a&t=b7ac53b1-fc2a-53cb-ebde-ce59c17928a5

Oct 20 '24 16:10 Nickcandy

This PR was labeled "needs-revision" because it has unresolved review comments or CI failures. Please resolve all open review comments and make sure all CI checks are green. Refer to our guide to troubleshoot common CI failures.

Oct 20 '24 16:10 github-actions[bot]