Upgrade docker base image to node:20-alpine3.19 as the current base image has multiple critical vulnerabilities

[justinwyer]

Fixes #2361

• Upgrade docker base image to node:20-alpine3.19
• Upgrade tedious to 16.7.1 that supports node 20
• Moved npm prepare script to prepack & prepublishOnly as prepare incorrectly runs during npm install --production see https://github.com/npm/cli/issues/4027

justinwyer/azurite:latest (alpine 3.19.1)
=========================================
Total: 0 (UNKNOWN: 0, LOW: 0, MEDIUM: 0, HIGH: 0, CRITICAL: 0)

[EmmaZhu]

/azp run