Validation for Nested Function Calls and Data Types

[d0cd]

This PR adds additional functionality and validation for function calls. Specifically, it:

• introduces the @inline annotation.
• checks for cycles in the call graph (recursion is not allowed).
• refactors SymbolTable into passes/common
• checks that functions are called appropriately
• adds warnings to test output. (necessary to test warnings for invalid annotation, uncalled functions, etc.)
• introduces private visibility for function parameters. (still private by default)

Note: function inlining it not yet supported.

The rules for function and data types are as follows:

• There are three types of functions: "program functions", "helper functions", and "inline functions".
• There are two supported annotations: @program and @inline.
• A function cannot have both @program and @inline annotations.
• If a function is annotated with @program then it is a program function, if it is annotated with @inline then it is an inline function, otherwise it is a helper function.
• Program functions can only call helper functions and inline functions.
• Helper functions can only call inline functions.
• Inline functions can only call inline functions.
• Program functions and helper functions must have at least one parameter.
• Program functions cannot have constant inputs.
• Direct/indirect recursive calls are not allowed.
• There are two types of named composite data types: circuit and record.
• A named composite data type cannot contain a record as its member.
• Direct/indirect recursive types are not allowed.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Merging #2008 (608ee01) into testnet3 (66816d4) will increase coverage by 0.59%. The diff coverage is 86.30%.

:exclamation: Current head 608ee01 differs from pull request most recent head 5a3a6ba. Consider uploading reports for the commit 5a3a6ba to get more accurate results

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##           testnet3    #2008      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     81.83%   82.42%   +0.59%     
============================================
  Files           130      132       +2     
  Lines          5488     5622     +134     
  Branches       5487     5621     +134     
============================================
+ Hits           4491     4634     +143     
+ Misses          997      988       -9     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
compiler/parser/src/tokenizer/mod.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
compiler/passes/src/lib.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
compiler/span/src/symbol.rs	94.59% <ø> (ø)
compiler/parser/src/tokenizer/token.rs	68.70% <33.33%> (-0.26%)	:arrow_down:
...iler/passes/src/type_checking/check_expressions.rs	82.19% <74.35%> (+0.18%)	:arrow_up:
...rors/src/errors/type_checker/type_checker_error.rs	65.15% <80.00%> (+4.80%)	:arrow_up:
...mpiler/passes/src/symbol_table_creation/creator.rs	91.89% <91.89%> (ø)
compiler/passes/src/type_checking/check_program.rs	96.55% <93.93%> (-0.28%)	:arrow_down:
compiler/passes/src/common/call_graph/mod.rs	97.29% <97.29%> (ø)
compiler/compiler/src/compiler.rs	94.28% <100.00%> (ø)
... and 21 more

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[d0cd]

Implemented by #2178, #2262, #2180, #2179.