linux: add missing tls bindings

[mbyx]

Description

Adds missing TLS bindings for linux as mentioned in #3149. Tests should pass as long as the kernel used for testing implements them.

Sources

Previously only a part of the header had been implemented, now everything has been bound except for placeholder values (__TLS_INFO_MAX, TLS_INFO_MAX). https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/99fa936e8e4f117d62f229003c9799686f74cebc/include/uapi/linux/tls.h

Checklist

• [x] Relevant tests in libc-test/semver have been updated
• [x] No placeholder or unstable values like *LAST or *MAX are included (see #3131)
• [ ] Tested locally (cd libc-test && cargo test --target mytarget); especially relevant for platforms that may not be checked in CI I was unable to test locally due to errors similar to #3305.