Update protobuf

[renovate[bot]]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Adoption	Passing	Confidence	Type	Update
protobuf	==5.27.2 -> ==5.28.2						minor
protobuf	27.1 -> 27.5					bazel_dep	minor

[!CAUTION] This PR is marked as draft, as some updates cannot be made automatically (e.g. Java Maven deps and Go deps)

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