Upgrade `com_google_protobuf` from v21.10 to v24.4

[teadetime]

Description

The 21.10 tag is over a year old: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/tags?after=v3.22.0-rc1 and should be updated to something more recent.

Upgrading this protobuf dependency will allow this to work with https://github.com/pybind/pybind11_protobuf

How hard/large of a change is this?

[prm-dan]

Any update on this?

[aaliddell]

The 5.0.0 release has protobuf 27.1