gh-103066: Add links and `help` in site.py constants

[davidcaron]

Fixes issue: #103066

The issue mentioned that the site.py documentation didn't have a list of objects it adds to builtins.

I found this list exists somewhere else in the documentation (built-in constants), so I figured linking to it was simpler.

Also the help special constant wasn't mentioned in this list of site-added constants, so I added it with a link to the built-in functions section where it's documented more extensively.

• Issue: gh-103066

[ghost]

All commit authors signed the Contributor License Agreement.

[arhadthedev]

@terryjreedy as a participant of the parent issue.

[bedevere-app[bot]]

A Python core developer has requested some changes be made to your pull request before we can consider merging it. If you could please address their requests along with any other requests in other reviews from core developers that would be appreciated.

Once you have made the requested changes, please leave a comment on this pull request containing the phrase I have made the requested changes; please review again. I will then notify any core developers who have left a review that you're ready for them to take another look at this pull request.

[blaisep]

Hi @davidcaron , thank you for the contribution. Are you still interested in applying the suggestions from @terryjreedy and @serhiy-storchaka ?

A Python core developer has requested some changes be made to your pull request before we can consider merging it. If you could please address their requests along with any other requests in other reviews from core developers that would be appreciated.

Once you have made the requested changes, please leave a comment on this pull request containing the phrase I have made the requested changes; please review again. I will then notify any core developers who have left a review that you're ready for them to take another look at this pull request.

[davidcaron]

I have made the requested changes; please review again.

[bedevere-app[bot]]

Thanks for making the requested changes!

@terryjreedy: please review the changes made to this pull request.

[terryjreedy]

@serhiy-storchaka The only docs failure reason I could find in the raw log, check-warnings.py: error: unrecognized arguments: --fail-if-new-news-nit seems not related to PR. Otherwise, merge if you think OK.

[hugovk]

Does this still apply to the new REPL?

https://docs.python.org/3.13/whatsnew/3.13.html#a-better-interactive-interpreter

[merwok]

I don’t see any difference for help in the new REPL!

[hugovk]

There's a difference with -S:

❯ python3.12 -S
Python 3.12.5 (v3.12.5:ff3bc82f7c9, Aug  7 2024, 05:32:06) [Clang 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)] on darwin
>>> help(dir)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'help' is not defined
>>> help
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'help' is not defined
>>> ^D

❯ python3.13 -S
Python 3.13.0rc1 (v3.13.0rc1:e4a3e786a5e, Jul 31 2024, 19:49:53) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)] on darwin
>>> help(dir)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<python-input-0>", line 1, in <module>
    help(dir)
    ^^^^
NameError: name 'help' is not defined
>>> help
>>> Welcome to Python 3.13's help utility! If this is your first time using
Python, you should definitely check out the tutorial at
https://docs.python.org/3.13/tutorial/.

Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules.  To get a list of available
modules, keywords, symbols, or topics, enter "modules", "keywords",
"symbols", or "topics".

Each module also comes with a one-line summary of what it does; to list
the modules whose name or summary contain a given string such as "spam",
enter "modules spam".

To quit this help utility and return to the interpreter,
enter "q", "quit" or "exit".

help>

So this text may be technically correct, in that the help() function is blocked:

Importing this module normally appends site-specific paths to the module search path and adds callables, including help() to the built-in namespace. However, Python startup option -S blocks this and this module can be safely imported with no automatic modifications to the module search path or additions to the builtins.

Maybe it's confusing that the help keyword still has effect.

Is this a bug in the new REPL?

[ambv]

This is not a bug. When -S prevents site.py from running, the visible effect is fewer imported modules and fewer entries in globals. That's the intended goal.

While that means that the old-style help() and exit() callables are gone in this scenario, making the functionality itself unavailable was not the goal.

Therefore, it's perfectly fine that the new-style commands (that do not require entries in globals) continue to work.

[miss-islington-app[bot]]

Thanks @davidcaron for the PR, and @hugovk for merging it 🌮🎉.. I'm working now to backport this PR to: 3.13. 🐍🍒⛏🤖

[miss-islington-app[bot]]

Thanks @davidcaron for the PR, and @hugovk for merging it 🌮🎉.. I'm working now to backport this PR to: 3.12. 🐍🍒⛏🤖

[bedevere-app[bot]]

GH-123762 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.13 branch.

[bedevere-app[bot]]

GH-123763 is a backport of this pull request to the 3.12 branch.