refactor: Simplify CLI flag validation

[rschristian]

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What kind of change does this PR introduce?

Refactor

Did you add tests for your changes?

Adjusted one, yes.

Larger test changes were extracted to #1738 because this diff was rather large and I wanted to use base other work off of both of these independently.

Summary

Partial revert of #1467

sade has a builtin mechanism for catching unknown options being passed to it, allowing us to simplify things a bit.

There should be no functional changes here at all.

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

No

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Latest commit: 7b6b0077ee557d1a05fb6e887ad321ca239edd0e

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