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20 hours ago •
penglongli
penglongli
cURL 的使用
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cUrl 常用参数如下所示：
-
-L参数当所要访问的 URL 被转移（重定向）到了其它的 URL，这个参数能够让 cURL 对新 URL 执行
$ curl -L http://v2ex.com简单理解，类似于浏览器上输入
http://v2ex.com会被重定向至https://www.v2ex.com。这个重定向一般是站点 Nginx 设置的 -
-i/-I参数-I参数通常与-v参数结合使用，不会输出源码
$ curl -vI v2ex.com
* Rebuilt URL to: v2ex.com/
* Trying 183.60.90.88...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to v2ex.com (183.60.90.88) port 80 (#0)
> HEAD / HTTP/1.1
> Host: v2ex.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Server: nginx/1.13.3
Server: nginx/1.13.3
< Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2018 13:58:45 GMT
Date: Wed, 10 Jan 2018 13:58:45 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 185
Content-Length: 185
< Connection: keep-alive
Connection: keep-alive
< Location: https://v2ex.com/
Location: https://v2ex.com/
< X-ORCA-Accelerator: from 093.chn.can02.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
X-ORCA-Accelerator: from 093.chn.can02.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
< X-Cache: from 093.chn.can02.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
X-Cache: from 093.chn.can02.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
<
* Connection #0 to host v2ex.com left intact
-i 参数会打印出来请求的 headers 信息
$ curl -i http://v2ex.com
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.11.9
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2017 14:37:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://v2ex.com/
X-ORCA-Accelerator: from k02.chn.szx01.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
X-Cache: from k02.chn.szx01.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.11.9</center>
</body>
</html>
如上代码所示，请求 http://v2ex.com 会发现被 301 到了 https://v2ex.com/
还有个更有意思的事情，如果我们继续做操作
$ curl -i https://v2ex.com
HTTP/2 301
server: nginx/1.11.9
date: Wed, 13 Dec 2017 14:39:09 GMT
content-type: text/html
content-length: 185
location: https://www.v2ex.com/
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-orca-accelerator: from k02.chn.szx01.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
x-cache: from k02.chn.szx01.cn.krill.zenlogic.net
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.11.9</center>
</body>
</html>
会发现，这个站点的 https://v2ex.com 会被 301 到 https://www.v2ex.com
-
-v参数使用 -v 参数能够拿到更详细的信息，通常与
-i参数共用。对于调试很有用处$ curl -v http://v2ex.com * Rebuilt URL to: http://v2ex.com/ * Trying 121.14.111.19... * TCP_NODELAY set * Connected to v2ex.com (121.14.111.19) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > Host: v2ex.com > User-Agent: curl/7.54.0 > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Server: nginx/1.11.9 < Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2017 14:45:58 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 185 < Connection: keep-alive < Location: https://v2ex.com/ < X-ORCA-Accelerator: from k02.chn.szx01.cn.krill.zenlogic.net < X-Cache: from k02.chn.szx01.cn.krill.zenlogic.net < <html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.11.9</center> </body> </html> * Connection #0 to host v2ex.com left intact>表示被 curl 发送的 header data<表示被 curl 接收到的 header data -
—trace参数这个参数能拿到更详细的信息，一般来说并不是很经常用到：
$ curl --trace curl.out https://www.baidu.com -
-x参数此参数用来设置代理，支持 socks4、socks4a、socks5、socks5h、http。
我在 SSH 使用 中说的通过动态端口转发翻墙用到的就是 socks5 代理
使用方法：
-x, --proxy <[protocol://][user:password@]proxyhost[:port]>$ ssh -D 4444 [email protected] # 103.143.242.122 是一台香港机器 $ curl -x socks5://localhost:4444 https://www.google.com.hk # 这样使用我们就可以通过代理访问 https://www.google.com.hk 注意：此处未按照上述使用 user:password 是因为我本机的公钥已经加入到了香港机器的授权中 -
-X参数此参数我们通常用来发送 http 请求。
- 发送 POST 请求：
$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{"key":"value"}' https://test.com/form -
--limit-rate与-#参数--limit-rate 能够限制下载速度，-# 显示进度条
$ curl --limit-rate 1234B -O -# https://www.computerhope.com/index.htm -
-m参数 链接超时时间设置$ curl -m 1 v2ex.com
应用
输出状态码
$ curl -s -o /dev/null -I -w "%{http_code}" http://www.example.org
200
$ curl -s -o /dev/null -I -w "%{http_code}" http://www.v2ex.com
301
