Throw a runtime error if #binding is called from a C extensions module (non-ruby frame)

[manefz]

Part of #3039

Fixes [easy, java] Kernel#binding raises RuntimeError if called from a non-Ruby frame (such as a method defined in C). [[Bug #18487](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18487)]

Following what was done in Cruby 3.2 PR here Raises an error if the frame that is called from is not Ruby.

Co-authored with @rwstauner