ximgproc: GraphSegmentation: support CV_8U/CV_8S/CV_16U/CV_16S/CV_32F/CV_64F input

[Kumataro]

Fix https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/issues/3544

Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

• [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
• [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
• [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
• [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
• [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
• [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

[Kumataro]

Building has been started yesterday, but there are 2 warnings.

https://pullrequest.opencv.org/buildbot/builders/precommit-contrib_windows64/builds/100489/steps/compile%20release

They will be fixed by https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/24512