Allow type variables to be constrained singleton, causing lookup into a non-generic mapped type to substitute

[mattmccutchen]

I feel awkward submitting this suggestion since I don't know if it will get enough votes to go anywhere, but I guess someone has to be the initial submitter for each suggestion...

Search Terms

mapped type indexed access type lookup type substitute substitution generic

Suggestion

Currently, a lookup into a mapped type, for example { [P in K]: Box<T[P]> }[X], is simplified by substitution (in this example, to produce Box<T[X]>) only if the constraint type K is generic; this is unsound but I guess it was useful in some cases. I'd like to be able to constrain a type parameter X to be a singleton type, causing substitution to occur (which is sound) regardless of whether K is generic.

Use Case

Suppose we have a codebase with an enum E and many functions that simulate dependent types by taking a type parameter A extends E (where A is intended to be a singleton type) along with a value of type A. Given a generic type T<A extends E>, we may want an object that contains a T<A> for each A in E, i.e., {[A in E]: T<A>}. Then we'd like to pass this object to a function along with a particular choice of A and have it manipulate the corresponding property. We should get a type error if the function uses the wrong property. Currently, a lookup type expression like {[A in E]: T<A>}[A1] does not substitute (because the constraint type E is not generic), so all reads and writes to the property are checked using the constraint of the lookup type, which is {[A in E]: T<A>}[E], and in effect we get no distinction among the properties of the object.

Specifically, I'm writing a structured spreadsheet tool that manipulates row and column IDs. A rectangle ID is a pair of a row ID and a column ID. I wanted to brand the row and column IDs differently to ensure I don't mix them up. I have many functions that are parameterized over an axis: for example, getRectParentOnAxis takes a rectangle and can either find the rectangle that covers the same column and a larger row, or the same row and a larger column.

One current approach, which I've taken and I call the "generic index" hack, is to add an artificial type variable to every relevant type and function so that I can ensure the constraint type of the mapped type is always generic and the mapped type will always substitute. (See "Workaround" below.) This is ugly, but I wanted the checking badly enough to do it.

Examples

enum Axis {
    ROW = "row",
    COL = "col",
}
const AXIS_BRAND = Symbol();
type SpanId<A extends Axis> = string & {[AXIS_BRAND]: A};

type Rectangle = {[A in Axis]: SpanId<A>};

function getRectangleSide<A in Axis>(rect: Rectangle, a: A): SpanId<A> {
    // Error with `A extends axis`: `Rectangle[A]` doesn't simplify and isn't assignable to `SpanId<A>`
    // Allowed with `A in Axis`: `Rectangle[A]` simplifies to `SpanId<A>`
    return rect[a];
}
function getRectangleSide2<A in Axis>(rect: Rectangle, a: A): Rectangle[A] {
    if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
        return rect[a];
    } else {
        // Allowed with `A extends axis`: `SpanId<Axis.ROW>` is unsoundly assignable to `Rectangle[A]`
        // because it is assignable to the constraint `SpanId<Axis.ROW> | SpanId<Axis.COL>`
        // Error with `A in Axis`: `SpanId<Axis.ROW>` is not assignable to `SpanId<A>`
        return rect[Axis.ROW];
    }
}

Workaround

const FAKE_INDEX = "fake-index";
type GenericIndex<_, K> = K | (_ & typeof FAKE_INDEX);
type LooseIndex<K> = K | typeof FAKE_INDEX;

enum Axis {
    ROW = "row",
    COL = "col",
}
type AxisG<_> = GenericIndex<_, Axis>;
type AxisL = LooseIndex<Axis>;
const AXIS_BRAND = Symbol();
type SpanId<A extends AxisL> = string & {[AXIS_BRAND]: A};

type Rectangle<_> = {[A in AxisG<_>]: SpanId<A>};
function getRectangleSide<_, A extends Axis>(rect: Rectangle<_>, a: A): SpanId<A> {
    return rect[a];  // allowed
}
function getRectangleSide2<_, A extends Axis>(rect: Rectangle<_>, a: A): Rectangle<_>[A] {
    if (Math.random() > 0.5) {
        return rect[a];
    } else {
        return rect[Axis.ROW];  // error
    }
}

Checklist

My suggestion meets these guidelines:

• [X] This wouldn't be a breaking change in existing TypeScript / JavaScript code
• [X] This wouldn't change the runtime behavior of existing JavaScript code
• [X] This could be implemented without emitting different JS based on the types of the expressions
• [X] This isn't a runtime feature (e.g. new expression-level syntax)

[jcalz]

Would this help with #31672 and #13995?

[alythobani]

Hey, I've been digging into related issues lately (#13995 , https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/46899 , #27808 , etc), and from what I can tell, @mattmccutchen 's original code example now works without error (after a couple small tweaks).

I.e. this passes now in TS 5.4.5:

enum Axis {
  ROW = "row",
  COL = "col",
}
const AXIS_BRAND = Symbol();
type SpanId<A extends Axis> = string & { [AXIS_BRAND]: A };

type Rectangle = { [A in Axis]: SpanId<A> };

function getRectangleSide<A extends Axis>(rect: Rectangle, a: A): SpanId<A> {
  return rect[a];
}
declare const rect: Rectangle;
const rowSide = getRectangleSide(rect, Axis.ROW); // SpanId<Axis.ROW>
const colSide = getRectangleSide(rect, Axis.COL); // SpanId<Axis.COL>

So it's possible/likely this issue was fixed either by #43183 (which fixed #13995) or a related PR.