My workaround to rebuildTree().

[userpta005]

This solution updates existing nodes and also creates new nodes if they are added. But it doesn't remove the old nodes.

$array = [
            [
                'name' => 'home',
                'description' => 'Painel'
            ],
            [
                'name' => 'management_group_view',
                'description' => 'Gerenciamento',
                'children' => [
                    [
                        'name' => 'users_group_view',
                        'description' => 'Usuários',
                        'children' => [
                            array('name' => 'users_view', 'description' => 'Visualizar'),
                            array('name' => 'users_create', 'description' => 'Criar'),
                            array('name' => 'users_edit', 'description' => 'Editar'),
                            array('name' => 'users_delete', 'description' => 'Deletar'),
                        ]
                    ],
                    [
                        'name' => 'roles_group_view',
                        'description' => 'Atribuições',
                        'children' => [
                            array('name' => 'roles_view', 'description' => 'Visualizar'),
                            array('name' => 'roles_create', 'description' => 'Criar'),
                            array('name' => 'roles_edit', 'description' => 'Editar'),
                            array('name' => 'roles_delete', 'description' => 'Deletar'),
                        ]
                    ],
                    [
                        'name' => 'permissions_group_view',
                        'description' => 'Permissões',
                        'children' => [
                            array('name' => 'permissions_view', 'description' => 'Visualizar'),
                            array('name' => 'permissions_create', 'description' => 'Criar'),
                            array('name' => 'permissions_edit', 'description' => 'Editar'),
                            array('name' => 'permissions_delete', 'description' => 'Deletar')
                        ]
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ];

        function percorrerArray($array, $parent = null)
            {
                foreach ($array as $value) {
                    if (array_key_exists('name', $value)) {
                        $permission = Permission::updateOrCreate(
                            ['name' => $value['name']],
                            [
                                'description' => $value['description'],
                                'parent_id' => $parent ? $parent->id : null,
                            ]
                        );

                        if (array_key_exists('children', $value)) {
                            percorrerArray($value['children'], $permission);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            percorrerArray($array);