Define a richer image output

[imjasonh]

Currently the only output of a ko_build is its image_ref, the fully qualified image reference by digest (e.g., foo.io/repo/image@sha256:abcdef...). This is enough to make it useful to deployment targets, but we can do better.

As things like tf-crane and tf-apko and tf-cosign start to come up, we should define a common shareable schema for this, so that they can all agree on the types.

This will be a little complicated because, like ggcr, things can produce an Image or a multi-platform Index, and the contents of those and the types of things that can attach to them are affected by which they are.

I don't think we should bifurcate into ko_image and ko_index, apko_image/apko_index, cosign_signed_image/cosign_signed_index, etc. -- this is why we moved from ko_image to the more abstract ko_build.

Some things we might want to express in a general-purpose output schema:

• media_type, and is_image / is_index
• layers (populated if is_image), list of:
  • digest
  • size
  • file contents? 🤔
• manifests (populated if is_index), map of platform -> object:
  • digest
  • layers (see above)
  • sbom (see next)
• sbom, list of purl objects:
  • purl (raw purl string), scheme, type, namespace, name, version, qualifiers (map[string]string), subpath

This would let us extract SBOM information from a ko- or crane- or apko-built artifacts, so that terraform plan can show us what dependency packages changed.

layers composes with tf-crane to let you crane_append your own layer. manifests can compose with a future crane_something that mutates or builds up manifests from scratch.

sbom can compose with something like cosign_attest_sbom that takes the previously built-but-not-signed SBOM and attests/signs it.

I think we can start to define this schema anywhere, but eventually I think it makes most sense to live in tf-crane, where it becomes sort of like the TF equivalent of ggcr.

[imjasonh]

@jonjohnsonjr makes a good point that we should have a descriptor type that encompasses digest+size and all the other descriptor fields.

I think we probably want a media_type type that has a string .value and .is_image/.is_index.

[imjasonh]

After https://github.com/chainguard-dev/terraform-provider-oci/pull/6 we have most of the types/schemas we need.

That adds an internal Manifest.FromDescriptor(*remote.Descriptor), which we can either:

1. make external and do a remote.Get on the just-pushed image (suboptimally requiring another HTTP request), or
2. make our own version that takes a build.Result.