Add support for handling some reST-based directives for `TryExamples` interactive notebooks

[agriyakhetarpal]

Problem

From https://github.com/jupyterlite/jupyterlite-sphinx/pull/251#issuecomment-2587500462: add more reST-based directives that have easy conversion from reST to Markdown for the interactive notebooks generated by the TryExamples directive.

Proposed Solution

Similar to the conversion of URLs, add tables (https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/directives.html#tables): list-table, csv-table, images, figures

Additional context

We support math and LaTeX already, so this would be similar vein – in the intent to make the notebooks integrate with the content more seamlessly.