ci: enable MSVC 2017 + Release build

[coryan]

Fixes #9531

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This change is 

[google-cloud-cpp-bot]

Google Cloud Build Logs For commit: 4b7910c21fbbda612e716414de6394e9fd681235

• Public Access Build Logs
• Cloud Build Console (requires auth)
• Kokoro Logs (requires auth)

:information_source: NOTE: Kokoro logs are linked from "Details" below.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Base: 94.21% // Head: 94.20% // Decreases project coverage by -0.00% :warning:

Coverage data is based on head (f6d9c71) compared to base (d372d84). Patch has no changes to coverable lines.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #9924      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.21%   94.20%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1496     1496              
  Lines      140318   140318              
==========================================
- Hits       132195   132189       -6     
- Misses       8123     8129       +6     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
google/cloud/storage/testing/random_names.cc	91.42% <0.00%> (-5.72%)	:arrow_down:
...ud/spanner/integration_tests/client_stress_test.cc	84.21% <0.00%> (-0.66%)	:arrow_down:
...cloud/pubsub/internal/subscription_session_test.cc	98.15% <0.00%> (-0.34%)	:arrow_down:
google/cloud/completion_queue_test.cc	97.13% <0.00%> (-0.20%)	:arrow_down:

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[google-cloud-cpp-bot]

Google Cloud Build Logs For commit: f6d9c71d22535dc33a575f1cb4d4762d3127ef4a

• Public Access Build Logs
• Cloud Build Console (requires auth)
• Kokoro Logs (requires auth)

:information_source: NOTE: Kokoro logs are linked from "Details" below.