ci: fix g++13 build on linux

[vaind]

g++13 was removed from ubuntu-22.04 (https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/9679, https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/9866) breaking everyone in the process...

updating the CI to use ubuntu-24.04 instead. This is currently blocked by the large runner not being enabled for the project - needs input from maintainers

P. S. sorry about the whitespace changes, the file was auto-fixed during search&replace by my editor. Let me know if that's really an issue and I can roll the whitespace change back

[hartwork]

P. S. sorry about the whitespace changes, the file was auto-fixed during search&replace by my editor. Let me know if that's really an issue and I can roll the whitespace change back

@vaind I don't have any say here, but this could be a single tiny easy-to-review commit. If my vote counts, I would definitely vote for a revert in whitespace changes. Thanks for your consideration!

[dbaileychess]

Thanks, I had to do some other stuff in #8319 that includes this.