Split CI pipeline into separate stages: lint, test, analyze, publish

[steindvart]

Problem

• Closes #225

Solution - what PR does

• Renamed main.ylm to ci.yml for better consistency with commonly used terms.
• Reworked GitHub CI workflow by separating in different jobs.
• Made container-based approach to avoid "Install Go" step.

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

:white_check_mark: All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests. :white_check_mark: Project coverage is 46.85%. Comparing base (1efca4f) to head (ed796a0). :warning: Report is 1 commits behind head on main. :exclamation: Your organization needs to install the Codecov GitHub app to enable full functionality.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #226      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   45.30%   46.85%   +1.54%     
==========================================
  Files          29       29              
  Lines        2355     2098     -257     
==========================================
- Hits         1067      983      -84     
+ Misses       1241     1067     -174     
- Partials       47       48       +1     

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