feat: upgrade to llvm 18

[gengjiawen]

#fix https://github.com/gitpod-io/workspace-images/issues/1360

verified by npx envinfo

  Utilities:
    Make: 4.3 - /usr/bin/make
    GCC: 11.4.0 - /usr/bin/gcc
    Git: 2.43.2 - /usr/bin/git
    Clang: 18.1.8 - /usr/bin/clang

two new packages was added for the asan support.

[gengjiawen]

cc @filiptronicek

[gengjiawen]

friendly ping @filiptronicek

[kylos101]

👋 @gengjiawen can I trouble you to update https://github.com/gitpod-io/workspace-images/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md in this PR, too?

Also, it seems our CI won't run on forks. So, I'll open a branch in our org/repo and set you as a co-author.

I checked, and updating from 17 to 18 doesn't seem to be breaking. 👍

[kylos101]

Closing in favor of https://github.com/gitpod-io/workspace-images/pull/1377 (our private runners will not run in your fork).