Create buildable branch for Swift 6 and Xcode 16+

[morganchen12]

Disables a bunch of GHA tests and marks much of the existing code as @unchecked Sendable. These will eventually need to be fixed but for now we can kick them down the road and still have Swift 6 compliance. There's some improvements in this PR too: addition of a safer os_unfair_lock in FIRAllocatedUnfairLock, which we can drop once we get to iOS 16+, and some fixes to things that could not have possibly worked before but somehow did.

To find @unchecked Sendable types that need to be made checked Sendable or refactored, search for /* TODO: sendable */. To find disabled tests that need to be re-enabled, search for # TODO(Swift 6):.

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[morganchen12]

This PR has been fully merged in piecemeal format by Nick at this point.