Aphros

Finite volume solver for incompressible multiphase flows with surface tension.

Key features:

• implementation in C++14
• scalability to thousands of compute nodes
• fluid solver based on SIMPLE or Bell-Colella-Glaz methods
• advection with PLIC volume-of-fluid
• particle method for curvature estimation accurate at low resolutions [demo] [4]
• Multi-VOF for scalable coalescence prevention [demo] [8] [11]

Gallery of interactive simulations

Gallery wiki	Curvature	Multi-VOF	Electrochemistry	Parser

Documentation

Online version and PDF generated in doc/sphinx.

Requirements

C++14, CMake

Optional dependencies: MPI, parallel HDF5, python3, python3-numpy

Bundled optional dependencies: hypre, overlap, fpzip

Clone and build

git clone https://github.com/cselab/aphros.git

First, follow deploy/README.md to prepare environment and install dependencies. Then build with

cd src
make

Docker

Instead of building the code in your system, you can build a Docker container and run a simulation example

docker build github.com/cselab/aphros --tag aphros
cd examples/202_coalescence/standalone
./conf
docker run -v `pwd`:`pwd` -w `pwd` aphros

Minimal build without CMake

Build without dependencies and tests on Unix-like systems (APHROS_PREFIX is the installation directory, with USE_MPI=1, USE_HDF=1, USE_OPENCL=1, USE_AVX=1 builds with MPI, parallel HDF5 library, OpenCL, and AVX extensions):

cd src
../make/bootstrap
make -f Makefile_legacy install APHROS_PREFIX=$HOME/.local USE_MPI=0 USE_HDF=0 USE_OPENCL=0 USE_AVX=0

on Windows using Microsoft C++ toolset (NMAKE, LINK, and CL):

cd src
../make/bootstrap # Requires sh and awk.
nmake /f NMakefile

Videos

Examples of simulations visualized using ParaView and OSPRay. Links [conf] lead to the solver configuration.

Coalescence of bubbles [conf] [4]	Taylor-Green vortex with bubbles [2] [5]
Bubble trapped by vortex ring [5]	Plunging jet [2]
Electrochemical reactor [1]	Bubbles through mesh
Clustering of bubbles [conf] [6] [7] [11]	Foaming waterfall [conf] [8] [11]
Bidisperse foam [conf] [11]	Microfluidic crystals [conf] [11]
LAMMPS polymers in Taylor-Green vortex [conf]	Bubble pipe optimization [10]

APS Gallery of Fluid Motion 2019 award winner Breaking waves: to foam or not to foam? [6] Collaboration with Jean M. Favre at CSCS.

Developers

Aphros is developed and maintained by researchers at ETH Zurich and Harvard University

• Petr Karnakov (thesis [9])
• Sergey Litvinov

under the supervision of

• Prof. Petros Koumoutsakos

Other contributors are: Fabian Wermelinger (Cubism backend)

Publications

1. Hashemi SMH, Karnakov P, Hadikhani P, Chinello E, Litvinov S, Moser C, Koumoutsakos P, Psaltis D. A versatile and membrane-less electrochemical reactor for the electrolysis of water and brine. Energy & environmental science. 2019 10.1039/C9EE00219G
2. Karnakov P, Wermelinger F, Chatzimanolakis M, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P. A high performance computing framework for multiphase, turbulent flows on structured grids. Proceedings of the platform for advanced scientific computing conference on – PASC ’19. 2019 10.1145/3324989.3325727 [pdf]
3. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P. Coalescence and transport of bubbles and drops. 10th International Conference on Multiphase Flow (ICMF). 2019 [pdf]
4. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, and Koumoutsakos P. A hybrid particle volume-of-fluid method for curvature estimation in multiphase flows. International journal of multiphase flow. 2020 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103209 arXiv:1906.00314
5. Wan Z, Karnakov P, Koumoutsakos P, Sapsis T. Bubbles in Turbulent Flows: Data-driven, kinematic models with history terms. International journal of multiphase flow. 2020 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103286 arXiv:1910.02068
6. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Favre JM, Koumoutsakos P. V0018: Breaking waves: to foam or not to foam? Gallery of Fluid Motion Award video article
7. Annual report 2019 of the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (cover page) [link]
8. Karnakov P, Wermelinger F, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P. Aphros: High Performance Software for Multiphase Flows with Large Scale Bubble and Drop Clusters. Proceedings of the platform for advanced scientific computing conference on – PASC ’20. 2020 10.1145/3394277.3401856 [pdf]
9. Karnakov P. The multilayer volume-of-fluid method for multiphase flows across scales: breaking waves, microfluidics, and membrane-less electrolyzers. PhD thesis. ETH Zurich. 2021 10.3929/ethz-b-000547518
10. Martin SM, Wälchli D, Arampatzis G, Economides AE, Karnakov P, Koumoutsakos P. Korali: Efficient and scalable software framework for Bayesian uncertainty quantification and stochastic optimization. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 2021 10.1016/j.cma.2021.114264
11. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P. Computing foaming flows across scales: from breaking waves to microfluidics. Science Advances. 2022 10.1126/sciadv.abm0590

Citing

If you use Aphros in your work, please consider using the following

@article{aphros2022,
  author = {Petr Karnakov  and Sergey Litvinov  and Petros Koumoutsakos},
  title = {Computing foaming flows across scales: From breaking waves to microfluidics},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {eabm0590},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm0590},
  URL = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.abm0590},
  eprint = {https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.abm0590},
}