Read and store `io.buildpacks.id` in analyzer phase

[jabrown85]

Implements #742

TODO:

• [ ] We need spec to land (See https://github.com/buildpacks/spec/issues/258)

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Merging #795 (b14d7d8) into main (4a6089b) will decrease coverage by 0.05%. The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #795      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   62.43%   62.39%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files          60       60              
  Lines        4112     4131      +19     
==========================================
+ Hits         2567     2577      +10     
- Misses       1283     1289       +6     
- Partials      262      265       +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
os_windows	62.39% <ø> (-0.04%)	:arrow_down:

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

[jabrown85]

@natalieparellano I left this in draft since we don't have a spec PR to pull requirements from. Happy to pick this back up when there are comments on the PR and/or spec guidelines that change behavior. 😄

[natalieparellano]

Closing this in favor of other PRs in the stack removal track