[CLIENT-2539] Prevent potential crashes if C client receives invalid string data from the server

[juliannguyen4]

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 39.28571% with 34 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.23%. Comparing base (b72fcf2) to head (93ca495). Report is 4 commits behind head on dev.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/main/conversions.c	43.33%	17 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/set_xdr_filter.c	0.00%	4 Missing :warning:
src/main/serializer.c	20.00%	4 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/info_random_node.c	25.00%	3 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/info_single_node.c	25.00%	3 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/get_cdtctx_base64.c	66.66%	1 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/get_expression_base64.c	66.66%	1 Missing :warning:
src/main/geospatial/type.c	66.66%	1 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #588      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.39%   81.23%   -0.16%     
==========================================
  Files          98       98              
  Lines       14921    14977      +56     
==========================================
+ Hits        12145    12167      +22     
- Misses       2776     2810      +34     

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