Fix pressure_to_height and reverse inaccurate after 11km

[Marilyth]

Description Of Changes

height_to_pressure_std and the reverse were only valid until 11km height. Above that the standard atmosphere changes. This PR changes these functions to take into account the complete standard atmosphere until 71km height, and adjusts a few minor differences in the test values.

Checklist

• [x] Closes #1890
• [x] Tests modified
• [x] Fully documented

[CLAassistant]

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