feat: Add `EgyptianFraction` new algorithm with Junit tests

[Hardvan]

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [x] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [x] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [x] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 69.06%. Comparing base (cebefbc) to head (dc3a120).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5804      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     69.04%   69.06%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     4662     4664       +2     
============================================
  Files           622      623       +1     
  Lines         17148    17156       +8     
  Branches       3308     3309       +1     
============================================
+ Hits          11840    11848       +8     
  Misses         4855     4855              
  Partials        453      453              

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