Add debug documentation and make commands for easier debugging

[gkrenn]

Description

This PR adds documentation how to debug the different components of the operator. In addition some makefile commands are added to simplify the process.

Jira

How can this be tested?

Try to follow the guide and start debugging.

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Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 64.42%. Comparing base (9c4d4f5) to head (71896e3). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

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Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3863   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   64.42%   64.42%           
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  Files         381      381           
  Lines       20616    20616           
=======================================
  Hits        13281    13281           
  Misses       6044     6044           
  Partials     1291     1291           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	64.42% <ø> (ø)

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[gkrenn]

Updated the debug.md as well as the make commands a little bit. Should be easier to read and use now.